214 F.W.OlinBiologicalSciencesBuilding
Phone: (765) 658-4778
E-mail:wnh@depauw.edu

Ph.D. Zoology, Virginia Tech

Ecological and Evolutionary Genetics

BIO 135 Organismal Biology
BIO 320 Genetics
BIO 344 Population Genetics and Evolution

Evolutionary and ecological genetics of conditional strategies
Phenotypic plasticity and threshold trait evolution
Molecular evolution and historical phylogeograph

Hazel, W. N. 1977.  The genetic basis of pupal colour dimorphism and its maintenance by natural selection in Papilo polyxenes (Papilionidae:Lepidoptera).  Heredity, 8(2):227‑236. Link to article .pdf

West, D. A. and Hazel, W. N.  1979.  Natural pupation sites of swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae): Papilio polyxenes Fabr., P. glaucus L. and Battus philenor (L.). Ecological Entomology, 4:387‑392. Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N. and West, D. A.  1979.  Environmental control of  pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera:Papilionidae): Battus philenor (L.) and Papilio  polyxenes Fabr. Ecological Entomology, 4:393‑408.

West, D. A. and Hazel, W. N.  1982.  An experimental test of natural selection for pupation site in swallowtail butterflies.  Evolution, 36(1):152‑159. Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N. and West, D. A.  1982.  Pupal colour dimorphism in swallowtail butterflies as a threshold trait: selection in Eurytides marcellus (Cramer).  Heredity, 9(3):295‑301.

Hazel, W. N. and West, D. A.  1983.  The effect of larval photoperiod on pupal colour and diapause in swallowtail  butterflies. Ecological Entomology, 8:37‑42. Link to article .pdf

West, D. A. and Hazel, W. N.  1985.  Pupal colour dimorphism in swallowtail butterflies: timing of the sensitive period and environmental control. Physiological Entomology, 10:113‑119.

Hazel, W., Brandt, R., and Grantham, T.  1987.  Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability in pupal color and its adaptive significance in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polyxenes. Heredity, 59:449-455. Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N.  1990.  Sex-limited variability and mimicry in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polyxenes. Heredity, 65:109-114.

Hazel, W. N. and Johnson, M. S.  1990.  Microhabitat choice in the land snail Theba pisana (Muller). Heredity, 65:449-454.

Hazel, W. N., Smock, R. and Johnson, M. D. 1990.  A polygenic model for the maintenance and evolution of conditional strategies. Proceedings of the. Royal Society Series B., 242:181-187.  Link to article .pdf
  
Hazel, W. N. and Smock, R. 1993. Modeling selection on conditional strategies in stochastic environments. In Lecture Notes in Biomathetics, J. Yoshimura and C. Clark (Eds.), Springer-Verlag. 

Hazel, W. N. 1995. The causes and evolution of phenotypic  plasticity in pupal color in swallowtail butterflies. In Ecology and Evolutionary Biology of the Papilionidae. J. M. Scriber, Y. Tsubaki and R. Lederhouse (Eds.), Scientific Publishers, Inc., Gainsville, Florida. Link to article .pdf

Herrell, J. and Hazel, W. N. 1995. Female-limited variability in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polyxenes Fabr.  Heredity, 75:106-110. Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N. and West, D. A. 1996.  Pupation site preference and environmentally cued pupal colour dimorphism in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio polyxenes Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae).  Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 57:81-87. Link to article .pdf

West, D. A. and Hazel, W. N. 1996.  Natural pupation sites of three North American swallowtail butterflies:  Eurytides marcellus (Cramer), Papilio cresphontes Cramer, and P. troilus L.(Papilionidae).  Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society, 50(4):297-302.

Hazel, W. N., Ante, S. and Stringfellow, B. 1998.  The evolution of environmentally-cued pupal colour in swallowtail butterflies: natural selection for pupation site and pupal colour.  Ecological Entomology, 23:41-44. Link to article .pdf

Starnecker, G., and Hazel, W. N. 1999. Convergent evolution of neuroendocrine control of phenotypic plasticity in pupal colour in butterflies.  Proceeding of the Royal Society Series B.,  266:2409-2412. Link to article .pdf

Lively, C. M., Hazel, W. N., Schellenberger, M. J. and Michelson, K. S. 2000. Predator-induced defence: variation in inducibility in an intertidal barnacle. Ecology, 81: 1240–1247. Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N. and Smock, R. 2000.  Inheritance in the conditional strategy revisited.  Journal of Theoretical Biology, 204:307-309. Link to article .pdf

Townsend, G. and Hazel, W.  2001. Computer Science and Biology Get A-Life, The Journal of Computing in Small Colleges, Vol. 17, No. 1 (October 2001), 9-16.

Hazel, W. N. 2002. The environmental and genetic control of seasonal polyphenism in larval color and its adaptive significance in a swallowtail butterfly. Evolution, 56(2):342-348. Evoluntion cover link Link to article .pdf

Hazel, W. N., Smock, R., and Lively, C. 2004.The Ecological genetics of conditional strategies. The American Naturalist. 163:888-900. Link to article .pdf

Townsend, G., Smock, R. and Hazel, W.  2005. Using evolutionary computation methods to validate analytical models for the evolution and maintenance of conditional strategies in Chthamalus anisipoma. Proceedings of Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2005. GECCO  2005: 409-414 Link to article .pdf

Marshall, K, Wyatt, A.,Stone, N., and Hazel, W.2005. Interspecific comparison of pupation site preference in swallowtail butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): implications for evolution of plasticity in pupal color. Annals of the Entomological Society of America.98(6):996–1001. Link to article .pdf

Jones, M., Rakes, L., Yochum, M., Dunn, G., Wurster, S., Kinney, K. and Hazel, W. 2007.  The proximate control of  pupal color in swallowtail butterflies: implications for the evolution of environmentally-cued pupal color in butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Journal of Insect Physiology 53:40-46. Link to article .pdf

Mellencamp, K., Hass, M., Werne, A.,  Stark, R., and Hazel, W.  2007. The role of larval stemmata in the control of pupal color and pupation site preference in the swallowtail butterflies Papilio troilus L., P. polyxenes F., Eurytides marcellus Cramer and P. glaucus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 100(1):53-58. Link to article .pdf

Tomkins, J. L. and Hazel, W. in press. The status of the conditional evolutionarily stable strategy.  Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Link to article .pdf

Fisher Timeout (1991)
Faculty Fellowship (1998-2000)
University Professorship (2001-2005)
Fisher Fellowship (2006)
Welch Professorship (2007-2011)

NSF Research Opportunity Award (1996-1997)

NSF C-RUI Grant (DEB-0223089, $841,000, funded September 6, 2002, 4 years), "Theoretical and Empirical Studies of a Conditional Strategy: Environmentally Cued Pupal Color in Swallowtail Butterflies." Project Director and Principal Investigator.