Physics and Astronomy

(Program Homepage)

Faculty: H. Brooks, J. Caraher, V. DeCarlo, M. Kertzman, T. Kjonaas, A. Komives, T. Stiles

Physics is the study of the fundamental nature of everything. Through experiment and theory physicists seek to explain the interactions of matter and energy in terms of a small number of basic laws. Physics deals with everything from the very large (e.g. the structure of the universe) to the very small (e.g. atoms, nuclei, quarks and even smaller structures). The devices we depend on in our technological society are based on fundamental principles of physics. Both experimental and theoretical physicists are people who enjoy understanding how things work. Studying physics develops excellent critical thinking and problem solving skills, which are applicable to many careers.

Many of our physics graduates continue with graduate school in physics, astronomy or engineering. Others continue with professional training in medical school or law school. However, it is not necessary to pursue more education to have a rewarding career with physics. An undergraduate physics degree is a spring board to a broad spectrum of career options, including engineering, systems analyst, financial analyst, management, national security, medical research, education and journalism. Nationally, employment opportunities for physics graduates have been especially good in recent years.

The department offers a major and a minor in Physics. Students planning to major in Physics should consult with a member of the department as early as possible in their college careers. Incoming students who plan to major in Physics should take PHYS 120-130 and MATH 135-136 or MATH 151 in the first year. Most pre-engineering students must take PHYS 120, 130, 231 and 351. Students interested in pre-engineering should consult with a pre-engineering advisor as early as possible. The physics major is also appropriate for students who wish to attend graduate school in astronomy.

Department faculty members are actively involved in research. Our students have opportunities to work with faculty doing research in nuclear physics, high energy gamma ray astrophysics, applied physics engineering, optics and computational quantum mechanics. Recent students have also done off-campus research in conjunction with members of the department at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, the George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. The Oak Ridge Science Semester program enables students to spend a semester working under the guidance of an ORNL staff member. Recent students have participated in off campus research programs at the National Radio Observatory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Kitt Peak National Observatory and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility.

The department is housed in the newly renovated Julian Science and Mathematics building. Departmental spaces include innovative integrated class and lab rooms for the introductory physics and astronomy classes, dedicated laboratory space for intermediate and advanced level courses, a dedicated physics computer lab, a physics student study room and research laboratories for faculty and students. The department also has fully equipped metal and wood machine shops.

The department sponsors an active Physics Club. Students meet regularly for visiting lecturers, trips to conferences, special club projects and social events. A local chapter of Sigma Pi Sigma, the physics honorary society, hosts annual receptions for the induction of new student members.

The department operates historic McKim Observatory. McKim contains many of its original instruments, including a 9.5-inch Clark refractor telescope and a Fauth and Co. meridian transit telescope. McKim is also well equipped with modern instruments, including five Celestron 8-inch and one Celestron 11-inch Schmidt-Cassegrain telescopes, an SBIG ST-6 CCD camera, a webcam, equipment for astrophotography and a spectrometer. McKim is used for astronomy labs, public open houses and student research projects.

Requirements for a major in Physics

Total courses required Nine
Core courses PHYS 120, PHYS 130, PHYS 220, PHYS 270, PHYS 280 (1/2 course), PHYS 480 (1/2 course)
Other required courses
  • Two of the following, one of which must be either PHYS 370 or PHYS 380: PHYS 240, PHYS 250, PHYS 300, PHYS 370, PHYS 380
  • Two of the following: PHYS 410, PHYS 420, PHYS 430, PHYS 440
# 300 and 400 level courses Three and one-half
Senior requirement PHYS 480
Additional information MATH 151 (or MATH 135-136) and MATH 152 required
Recent changes in major PHYS 220 was added to the list of core courses, Nov. 2006.

Requirements for a minor in Physics

Total courses required Five
Core courses PHYS 120, PHYS 130
Other courses
# 300 and 400 level courses One
Recent changes in minor

Courses in Physics and Astronomy

PHYS 103. Moons and Planets  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. An introductory course concentrating on the solar system. Topics to be covered include: observational astronomy; the history and development of astronomy; Kepler's laws of planetary motion; Newton's laws of motion and gravity; the Earth-moon system; the structure and composition of the planets with an emphasis on comparative planetology; asteroids, comets, the formation of the solar system, the sun and the exploration of space. Emphasis is placed on investigating the methods by which astronomers gain knowledge about the solar system. Evening laboratory periods will emphasize observation and will help students develop quantitative skills in interpreting data. PHYS 103 and PHYS 104 may be taken in either order. Prerequisite: high school algebra and trigonometry.
 
PHYS 104. Stars and Galaxies  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. An introductory course concentrating on the astronomy of stars and stellar systems. Topics to be covered include: properties of stars; stellar evolution; white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes; the interstellar medium; the Milky Way; galaxies; Hubble's Law; and cosmology. Emphasis is placed on investigating the methods by which astronomers gain knowledge about the universe. Evening laboratory periods will emphasize observation and will help students develop quantitative skills in interpreting data. PHYS 103 and PHYS 104 may be taken in either order. Not open to students with credit in PHYS 300 or 200. Prerequisite: high school algebra and trigonometry.
 
PHYS 110. Physics and Society  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. The fundamental concepts of classical and modern physics with attention to their bearings in other fields of science and the humanities. Topics include the historical development of Newtonian mechanics, special and general relativity, quantum physics and modern cosmology. Contrasts between Newtonian and 20th-century world views are emphasized. This course does not fulfill the prerequisites for advanced courses in physics, nor the requirements for medicine, engineering or secondary teaching. Prerequisite: high school algebra and trigonometry.
 
PHYS 120. Principles of Physics I  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. An introductory calculus-based course covering fundamental concepts of physics including: momentum, energy, conservation laws, particle interactions, Newton's laws, oscillations, orbits and planetary motion and special relativity. Laboratory sessions will provide a hands-on opportunity to explore the concepts of physics. This course is designed for students majoring in the sciences and mathematics and those in pre-professional programs in health sciences, medicine, engineering and teaching. Prerequisite or co-requisite: MATH 136 or MATH 151 .
 
PHYS 130. Principles of Physics II  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. This course builds on PHYS 120 and covers fundamental concepts of physics including: electric and magnetic fields, circuits, Maxwell's equations, electromagnetic waves, waves, interference and diffraction, wave-particle duality, atoms, nuclei and radioactivity, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Laboratory sessions will provide a hands on opportunity to explore the concepts of physics. This course is designed for students majoring in the sciences and mathematics and those in pre-professional programs in health sciences, medicine, engineering and teaching. Prerequisite: PHYS 120.
 
PHYS 156. Advanced Placement in Physics      1 course
Advanced placement credit for physics. A. Mechanics B. Electricity and Magnetism.
 
PHYS 203. Cosmology [See also PHIL 203]      1 course
An examination of fundamental questions about the origin, order and meaning of the universe from the perspectives of physics, philosophy and other disciplines. Topics include: creation myths; development of Western cosmology; physics and metaphysics of space and time; cosmological and design arguments for the existence of God; the Anthropic Principle; life and consciousness.
 
PHYS 220. Principles of Physics III      1 course
This course provides an introduction to quantum mechanics, and completes the survey of fundamental physics begun in PHYS 120 and 130. Topics to be covered include wave packets, the Schrodinger equation, solutions to the Schrodinger equation for one dimensional potentials, the hydrogen atom, multi electron atoms, quantum statistics, and an introduction to the physics of molecules, solids, nuclei, and particles. Prerequisite: PHYS 130.
 
PHYS 240. Electronics      1 course
Includes laboratory. Experimental and theoretical treatment of direct current and alternating current circuits. Topics include: diode applications, transistors, operational amplifiers, feedback, analog-digital conversion, digital logic and microprocessors. Prerequisite: One semester of a laboratory science course.
 
PHYS 250. Optics  Group 1, lab    1 course
Includes laboratory. Experimental investigation of geometrical and physical optics. Specific topics investigated include: image formation by lenses and mirrors, optical instruments, image processing, interference, diffraction, polarization, optical communication, lasers and holography. Prerequisite: One semester of a laboratory science course.
 
PHYS 270. Mathematical Methods      1 course
Methods in applied mathematics for students in physical sciences and engineering. Topics include: partial differentiation, vector analysis, complex numbers, linear algebra, ordinary differential equations, multiple integrals, and Fourier series. Prerequisite: PHYS 120 and MATH 152.
 
PHYS 280. Experimental Methods      1/2 course
Includes laboratory. An introduction to the techniques, methods and necessary skills used in experimental physics. Data will be collected by using a variety of instruments, including oscilloscopes, nuclear instrumentation, and other data sensors. The course will introduce a variety of statistical and data analysis techniques. Machine shop skills will be developed during the course. Prerequisite: PHYS 120.
 
PHYS 300. Astrophysics      1 course
The concepts of classical and modern physics are applied to the study of astronomy, providing a physical basis for understanding the components and structure of our universe. Topics to be covered include: spectroscopy, stellar properties, binary stars, stellar classification, stellar structure and evolution, galaxies and galactic structure, active galactic nuclei and cosmology. Prerequisite: PHYS 130.
 
PHYS 350. Engineering Mechanics      1 course
A theoretical treatment of forces acting on rigid bodies including: analysis of force systems on rigid bodies, equilibrium requirements, stresses in frames and trusses, forces in beams and cables, friction, centroids, moments of inertia, the motion of particles and rigid bodies, studies of energy and momentum, kinematics, curvilinear motion and central forces.
 
PHYS 370. Atomic and Molecular Physics      1 course
Includes laboratory. A theoretical and experimental investigation in atomic, molecular and condensed matter physics. Topics to be covered may include: atomic models, magnetic dipole moments, multielectron atoms, x-ray excitations, optical excitations, atomic spectroscopy, quantum statistic, molecules, molecular bonding, molecular spectra, band theory of solids, conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, and collective phenomena. Prerequisite: PHYS 220.
 
PHYS 380. Nuclear and Particle Physics      1 course
Includes laboratory. A theoretical and experimental investigation in nuclear and particle physics. Topics to be covered may include: nuclear phenomenology, nuclear models, radiation, nuclear reactions, experimental methods in nuclear physics, particle interactions and detection, properties of elementary particle, symmetries, the standard model, and theories beyond the standard model. Prerequisite: PHYS 220.
 
PHYS 390A. Selected Topics in Astronomy      1/4-1/2-1 course
Selected topics in astronomy. May be an independent study project. Prerequisite: depends on the topic.
 
PHYS 390P. Topics in Physics      1/4-1/2-1 course
Selected topics in physics. May be an independent study project. Prerequisite: depends on the topic.
 
PHYS 410. Thermal Physics      1 course
Treatment of the laws of thermodynamics and the concepts of temperature, pressure, entropy, chemical potential and free energy as related to the quantum statistical behavior of microscopic systems. Included are applications to kinetic theory of gases, heat engines, photons and phonons, systems in magnetic and electric fields, transport phenomena, and biological and engineering problems. Prerequisite: PHYS 130 and PHYS 270.
 
PHYS 420. Classical Mechanics      1 course
Basic definitions and principles of classical mechanics, conservation laws, systems of particles and motion of rigid bodies, oscillating phenomena and an introduction to generalized coordinates and the methods of Lagrange and Hamilton. Prerequisite: PHYS 120 and PHYS 270.
 
PHYS 430. Electricity and Magnetism      1 course
Experimental foundations of electricity and magnetism, electrostatic and magnetostatic problems, dielectrics, the field concept in electromagnetism and Maxwell's equations, and the concept of energy in electromagnetism. Several periods may be in laboratory. Prerequisite: PHYS 130 and PHYS 270.
 
PHYS 440. Quantum Mechanics      1 course
Non-relativistic wave mechanical treatment of physical systems. Definition and interpretation of state functions; construction of wave packets; solutions of the Schrodinger equation for simple one-dimensional systems; the hydrogen atom; various approximation methods, including perturbation theory. Prerequisite: PHYS 130 and PHYS 270.
 
PHYS 450. Advanced Mathematical Methods      1 course
Advanced topics in applied mathematics for physics students, including tensor analysis, special functions, partial differential equations, complex variables, integral transforms. Prerequisite: PHYS 130 and PHYS 270.
 
PHYS 480. Senior Seminar      1/2 course
Individual presentations and group discussions cover a wide range of topics. Prerequisite: A senior physics major or permission of instructor. Required of all physics majors.