Virtual Reading Room (Freedom of Expression)

A collection of articles and information to serve as resources for DePauw's discussions about freedom of expression.

• 1915 Declaration of Principles on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure, American Association of University Professors. Available at: https://www.aaup.org/NR/rdonlyres/A6520A9D-0A9A-47B3-B550-C006B5B224E7/0/1915Declaration.pdf.
• A. Harris, “Walter Kimbrough’s Higher Calling,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, October 22, 2017. Available at: https://www.chronicle.com/article/walter-kimbroughs-higher-calling/.
• American Council on Education. (2023, June 5). Academic independence under fire.  Available at: https://www.apa.org/advocacy/education/educators-threats-harassment. 
• A.Q. Morse, The First Amendment and the Inclusive Campus:  Effective Strategies for Leaders in Student Affairs, National Association of Student Personnel Administrators, 2018. Available at:https://www.naspa.org/report/the-first-amendment-and-the-inclusive-campus-effective-strategies-for-leaders-in-student-affairs.
• American Association of University Professors and Association of American Colleges, 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure with 1970 Interpretive Comments. Available at: https://www.aaup.org/file/1940%20Statement.pdf.
• B. Bishop, The Big Sort: Why the Clustering of Like-Minded America is Tearing Us Apart (Boston: Mariner Books, 2009), ch. 1, “The Age of Political Segregation,” 19-40 and ch. 2,  “The Politics of Migration,” 41-57;
• Bipartisan Policy Center, Campus Free Expression: A New Roadmap, November 30, 2021. Available at: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/download/?file=/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/BPC-Report-Campus-Free-Expression_A-New-Roadmap.pdf.
• C. Flaherty, “Is Retraction the New Rebuttal?” Inside Higher Ed, September 19, 2017.  Available at: https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/09/19/controversy-over-paper-favor-colonialism-sparks-calls-retraction. 
• C. Goldin and L.F. Katz, “The Shaping of Higher Education: The Formative Years in the United States, 1890 to 1940,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, 13(1): 37-62, 1999. Available at: https://scholar.harvard.edu/goldin/files/the_shaping_of_higher_education_the_formative_years_in_the_ united_states_1890-1940.pdf.
• C. Schneider, “A Year of Discontent on Campus,” The Dispatch, February 6, 2020, found that faculty are frequent objects of bias complaints. Available at: https://thedispatch.com/p/a-year-of-discontent-on-campus.
• Campus Conversations, Higher Education Research Institute, n.d., accessed November 2, 2021. Available at: https://www.heri.ucla.edu/infographics/DLE-2018-Infographic.pdf. 
• College Pulse, Free Expression on College Campuses, 2019, 12. Available at: https://knightfoundation.org/reports/free-expression-college-campuses/. 
• College student views on free expression and campus speech 2022. (2022). Available at: https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/College-Student-Views-on-Free-Expression-and-Campus-Speech-2022_Final.pdf.
• D.A. Downs, Restoring Free Speech and Liberty on Campus, 2005 Cambridge University Press
• D. Cox, J. Navarro-Rivera, and R.P. Jones, Race, Religion, and Political Affiliation of Americans’ Core Social Networks, Public Religion  Research Institute, August 8, 2016. Available at: https://www.prri.org/research/poll race-religion-politics-americans-social-networks/.
• D. J. Cowen, (2019). The importance of free speech on college campuses. University of Chicago Law Review, 86(4), 1673-1698. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14472/2499.
• D. Mashek, “Syllabus Language to Support Viewpoint Diversity,” Heterodox Academy, January 9, 2018. Available at: https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/teaching-heterodoxy-syllabus-language/.
• PEN America, “Tips for Nurturing a Climate of Free Expression and Inclusion,” September 25, 2019. Available at: https://campusfreespeechguide.pen.org/ resource/tips-for-nurturing-a-climate-of-free-expression-and-inclusion/. 
• D. Yudkin, S. Hawkins, and T. Dixon, The Perception Gap: How False Impressions Are Pulling Americans Apart, Hidden Tribes Project, 2019, 36-40. Available at: https://perceptiongap.us/. 
•  D.J. Ahler and G. Sood, “The Parties in Our Heads: Misperceptions About Party Composition and Their Consequences,” The Journal of Politics, 80(3): 964-981, 2018.  Available at: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/697253
• E. Chemerinsky and H. Gillman, Free Speech on Campus, 2017 Yale University Press
• E. Kaufmann, Academic Freedom in Crisis: Punishment, Political Discrimination, and Self-Censorship, Center for the Study of Partisanship and Ideology, 2021. Available at: https://www.cspicenter.com/p/academicfreedom.
• E. Pettit, “A Side Effect of Remote Teaching During Covid-19? Videos That Can Be Weaponized,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, March 24, 2020. Available at: https://www.chronicle.com/article/a-side-effect-of-remote-teaching-during-covid-19-videos-that-can-be-weaponized/. 
• Fordham Law Review, 87(6): 2453-2477, 2019. Available at: https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol87/iss6/7/.
• Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, Scholars Under Fire: The Targeting of Scholars for Ideological Reasons from 2015 to Present, 2021. Available at: https://www.thefire.org/research/publications/miscellaneous-publications/scholars-under-fire/.
• Gallup, Inc., The First Amendment on Campus 2020 Report: College Students’ Views of Free Expression, 2020, 41. Available at: https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/First-Amendment-on-Campus-2020.pdf.
• Gallup, Inc., The First Amendment on Campus, 2020, 1, 16-7. 
• H. Heclo, On Thinking Institutionally (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), esp.  ch. 4, “Being Institutionally Minded,” 81-128, for a discussion of cultivating virtues and values in institutions. 
• Institute for Democracy and Higher Education, Free Speech & Inclusion on Campus: Guide for Discussion Leaders, v. 2, March 2018. Available at: https://tufts.app.box.com/v/idhe-free-speech-inclusion. 
• Institute for Democracy and Higher Education, Readiness for Discussing Democracy in Supercharged Political Times, November 2019. Available at: https://tufts.app.box.com/v/idhe-discussing-democracy. 
• J. Haidt, R.V. Reeves, and D. Cicirelli, All Minus One: John Stuart Mill’s Ideas on Free Speech Illustrated, 2nd ed., Heterodox Academy, 2021.  Available at: https://heterodoxacademy.org/library/all-minus-one/. 
• J. A. Klotz, & J Klassen, (2023). Defining and measuring free expression and inclusion on college campuses. Sociological Inquiry, 93(1), 26-51. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/soin.12403. 
• J. Larson, M. McNeilly, and T.J. Ryan, Free Expression and Constructive Dialogue at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, 2020, 26. Available at: https://fecdsurveyreport.web.unc.edu/.
• J. B. Scott, (2022). Free speech and the university: A philosophical inquiry. Routledge.
• J.M. Twenge, B.H. Spitzberg, and W.K. Campbell, “Less In-Person Social Interaction with Peers Among U.S. Adolescents in the 21st Century and Links to Loneliness,” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 36(6): 1892-1913, 2019. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0265407519836170.
• J.M. Twenge, iGen: Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy—And Completely Unprepared for Adulthood (New York: Atria, 2017), ch. 6, “Insulated but not Intrinsic: More Safety and Less Community,” 143-177. 
• J.M. Twenge, J. Haidt, A.B. Blake, C. McAllister, H. Lemon, and A. Le Roy, “Worldwide Increases in Adolescent Loneliness,” Journal of Adolescence, 2021. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.006. 
• J.R. Thelin, The American College and University: A History, 2nd ed. (Athens:  University of Georgia Press, 1962, 1990), 410-16; W.P. Metzger, “The 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure,” Law and Contemporary Problems, 53(3): 3-77, 1990. Available at: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4052&context=lcp.
• J. Rauch, 5-1 In Defense of Prejudice: Why Incendiary Speech Must Be Protected, 2018, Principles and Practice of American Politics: Classic and Contemporary Readings, p.111.
• J. Rauch, 2013. Kindly inquisitors. University of Chicago Press.
• K. Landis, ed., “Establishing Discussion Rules,” in Start Talking: A Handbook for Engaging Difficult Dialogues in Higher Education (Anchorage: University of Alaska Anchorage and Alaska Pacific University, 2008), 12-17. Available at: https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/academics/institutional-effectiveness/departments/center-for-advancing-faculty-excellence/difficult-dialogues/.
•  K. Parker, “The Growing Partisan Divide in Views of Higher Education,” Pew Research Center, August 19, 2019. Available at: https://www.pewresearch.org/social trends/2019/08/19/the-growing-partisan-divide-in-views-of-higher-education-2/.
• K. E. Whittington, (2019). Academic freedom, free speech, and faculty harassment: Exploring the experiences of contingent and non-contingent faculty. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(1), 22-40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-08-2021-0229.
  
• K.E. Whittington & L. E. Pfahl, (2022). Academic freedom, free speech, and faculty harassment: Exploring the experiences of contingent and non-contingent faculty. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 15(1), 22-40. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-08-2021-0229.
  
• Knight Foundation. (2019, May 13). Free expression on college campuses. Available at: https://knightfoundation.org/articles/free-expression-on-college-campuses/.
• L. Etheredge, “Law School Speaker Gives Controversial Talk on Transgender Issues, Incites Protest,” The Collegian, September 12, 2018.  Available at: https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2018/09/ryan-anderson-delivers-controversial-talk-on-transgender-issues.
• L. Saad, “U.S. Conservatism Down Since Start of 2020,” Gallup, Inc., July 27, 2020.  Available at: https://news.gallup.com/poll/316094/conservatism-down-start-2020.aspx. 
• L.F. Barrett, “When Is Speech Violence?” New York Times, July 14, 2017. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/14/opinion/sunday/when-is-speech-violence.html?_r=0.
• L.M. Seidman, “Can Free Speech Be  Progressive?” Columbia Law Review, 118(7), 2018. Available at https://columbialawreview.org/content/can-free-speech-be-progressive/.
• L. V. Sigal, (2019). Negotiating academic freedom: New perspectives, illusions, and challenges. Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH.
• Lori S. White, address on the occasion of inauguration as president of DePauw University, October 1, 2021.
• M. P. Barrera, (2022, May 20). Free speech on campus. CQ Researcher, 32(18), 417-440. Available at: https://cqpress.sagepub.com/cqresearcher/report/free-speech-campus-debate.
• M. W. Finkin, & R. C. Post, R. C, (2019). For the common good: Principles of academic freedom. Yale University Press.
• M. Moran, “Crutcher, Free Speech Project Director Discuss UR’s Recommended Free Speech Statement,” The Collegian, November 9, 2020. Available at: https://www.thecollegianur.com/article/2020/11/crutcher-free-speech-project-director-discuss-urs-recommended-freedom-of-expression-statement
• M. Stiksma, Understanding the Campus Expression Climate: Fall 2020, Heterodox Academy, 2021. Available at: https://heterodoxacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Campus-Expression-Survey-Report-2020.pdf. 
• M. Woessner and R. Maranto, “Campus Conservatives Aren’t Under Siege—But There’s More to the Story,” Newsweek, August 4, 2019. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/right-says-campus-conservatives-are-under-siege-left-dismissive-both ncna1042051. 
• N. Gross and S. Simmons, “The Social and Political Views of American College and University Professors,” in Professors and their Politics, eds., N. Gross and S. Simmons (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014), 19-49;
• S. Jaschik, “Professors and Politics: What the Research Says,” Inside Higher Ed, February 27, 2017. Available at:  https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/02/27/research-confirms-professors-lean-left-questions-assumptions-about-what-means
• N. Strossen, Hate: Why we should resist it with free speech, not censorship, 2018 Oxford University Press.
• N. Thomas, “Educating for Democracy in Undemocratic Contexts:  Avoiding the Zero-Sum Game of Campus Free Speech Versus Inclusion,” eJournal of Public Affairs, 7(1): 81-107, 2018. Available at: https://ejournalofpublicaffairs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/EJOPA_7.1_199-Nancy-Thomas.pdf.
• N.M. Cesar-Davis, Research Brief, 2018 Diverse Learning Environments, Higher Education Research Institute at UCLA, 2019. Available at https://www.heri.ucla.edu/briefs/DLE/DLE-2018-Brief.pdf
• P. Bonilla, “Faculty Network Interview:  Daniel Cullen, Rhodes College,” Foundation for Individual Rights in Education,  December 18, 2020. Available at: https://www.thefire.org/faculty-network-interview-daniel-cullen-rhodes-college/. 
• P.E. Moskowitz, “Everything You Think You Know About ‘Free Speech’ Is a Lie,” The Nation, August 20, 2019. Available at: https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/portland-speech-milo-antifa-koch/.
• P.E. Moskowitz, The Case Against Free Speech: The First Amendment, Fascism, and the Future of Dissent, 2019 Bold Type Books
• P. Lee, 2014. The case of Dixon v. Alabama: From civil rights to students' rights and back again. Teachers College Record, 116, pp.1-18.
• P. Norris, “Cancel Culture: Myth or Reality?” Political Studies (2021). Available at:  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00323217211037023
• P.M. Magolda, M.B. Baxter Magolda, and R. Carducci (eds), Contested Issues in Troubled Times: Student Affairs Dialogues on Equity, Civility, and Safety, 2019 Stylus Publishing. LLC.
• P. Taylor, “The Demographic Trends Shaping American  Politics in 2016 and Beyond,” Pew Research Center, January 27, 2016. Available at:  https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/27/the-demographic-trends-shaping-american-politics-in-2016-and-beyond/.
• PEN America. (2021, August 17). Campus free speech guide. Available at: https://pen.org/campus-free-speech-guide/.
• R. Cohen and R.E. Zelnik (eds), The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s, 2002 University of California Press
• R. B. Flemming & J Melton, (2021). Freedom of expression on college campuses. Bipartisan Policy Center. Available at: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Freedom-of-Expression-on-College-Campuses-Full-Report.pdf.
  
• R. J. Zimmer, “President Zimmer’s Message on Free Expression and Federal Action,” March 4, 2019. Available at: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/president-zimmers-message-free-expression-and federal-action. 
• R. Seltzer, “Why Host David Duke?,” Inside Higher Ed, November 3, 2016. Available at:  https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2016/11/03/dillard-university-stands-decision-host-debate-even-when-david-duke-candidate. 
• R.A. Crutcher interview with D. Lederman, “Race, Leadership, and Engaging with  Contrary Viewpoints,” The Key with Inside Higher Ed, ep. 51, podcast, June 29, 2021.  Available at: https://www.insidehighered.com/audio/2021/06/29/ep-51-race-leadership-and-engaging-contrary-viewpoints. 
• R.A. Crutcher, “Leadership in Crossing Divides,” Inside Higher Ed, February 19, 2021.  Available at: https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2021/02/19/college-president-shares-lessons-learned-navigating-divides-race-class-and-politics
• R.J. Zimmer and D. Diermeier, “Letter to President Trump regarding DACA,” September 2, 2017. Available at: https://news.uchicago.edu/story/letter-president-trump-regarding-daca. 
• Report of the Committee on Freedom of Expression at Yale, Yale College, 1974. Available at: https://yalecollege.yale.edu/get-know-yale-college/office-dean/reports/report-committee-freedom-expression-yale.
• Report on the University’s Role in Political and Social Action, University of Chicago, 1967. Available at: https://provost.uchicago.edu/sites/default/files/documents/reports/KalvenRprt_0.pdf.
• S. Abrams, “Professors Moved Left Since 1990s, Rest of Country Did Not,” Heterodox Academy, January 9, 2016. Available at: https://heterodoxacademy.org/blog/professors-moved-left-but-country-did-not/
• S. Marken, “A Crisis in Confidence in Higher Ed,” Gallup, Inc., April 12, 2019. Available at: https://news.gallup.com/opinion/gallup/248492/crisis-confidence-higher.aspx
• S. Stevens, P.  Quirk, L. Jussim, and J. Haidt, The Campus Expression Survey, Heterodox Academy, 2017, updated 2021. Available at: https://heterodoxacademy.org/library/campus-expression survey-manual/. 
• S.F. Hayward, “An Alternative Standard for Dealing with  Extremist Speakers,” Bipartisan Policy Center, March 19, 2020. Available at: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/blog/an-alternative-standard-for-dealing-with-extremist-speakers/. 
• S. S. Carter, (2024, January 24). College is all about curiosity. And that requires free speech. The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/24/opinion/college-free-speech.html
• T. Benson Clayton and J. Huff, “Resolving Conflict on Campus: A Case Study on  Free Speech and Controversial Speakers,” Journal of Dispute Resolution, 2(5): 7-17, 2018.  Available at: https://scholarship.law.missouri.edu/jdr/vol2018/iss2/5. 
• U. Peters, N. Honeycutt, A. De Block, and L. Jussim, “Ideological Diversity, Hostility,  and Discrimination in Philosophy,” Philosophical Psychology, 33(4): 511-48, 2020.  Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09515089.2020.1743257
• University of California,  Berkeley, “Major Events Hosted by Non-Departmental Users,” January 9, 2018. Available at: https://campuspol.berkeley.edu/policies/nondeptusers.pdf. 
• University of Maryland Senate, Joint President/Senate Inclusion and Respect Task Force,  Inclusion and Respect at the University of Maryland, 2018. Available at: https://diversity.umd.edu/uploads/files/Presidential_Approval_Inclusion_Respect_17_18_03.pdf; 
• University of Maryland, “Statement on University Values” and “Statement of Free Speech Values,” 2018. Available at: https://policies.umd.edu/statement-university-values/ and  https://policies.umd.edu/statement-free-speech-values/.
• University of Richmond, “Statement on Free Expression,” December 2020. Available at:  https://president.richmond.edu/common/pdf/statement-on-free-expression.pdf. 
• University of Richmond, Code of Organizational Ethics and Integrity, February 16, 2012, updated September, 2018. Available at: https://www.richmond.edu/compliance/pdfs/code-of-ethics.pdf. 
• Washington University in St. Louis, “Dialogue Across Difference - Freedom of  Expression Session, Fall 2019 | Washington University,” video, September 13, 2019.  Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C6ysYNxloA.
• Washington University in St. Louis, Common Reading Program for the Class of 2023, 2019. Available at: https://issuu.com/wufirstyearcenter/docs/fyct-6328_common_reading_program_20. 
• Wright, S. Hecht, M. Shain, L. Sax, and S. Howland, Politics on the Quad: Students Report on Division and Disagreement at Five US Universities, Brandeis Steinhardt Social Research Institute, 2019, 31-32. Available at: https://bir.brandeis.edu/bitstream/handle/10192/37095/politics_quad111919.pdf.